OF GIFTS AND BRIBES

Proverbs 18.16
OF GIFTS AND BRIBES
"A gift opens the way for the giver and ushers him into the presence of the great."

SOLOMON IS A SHREWD OBSERVER OF the dynamics of life. He discusses the offering of gifts and their effects on the recipients. But in doing so, he describes what happens without necessarily endorsing it as good. In fact, he tells us that, though some gifts "work" (17.8), they may be questionable.

Firstly, he warns us against the way gifts attract fair-weather friends. "Many curry favour with a ruler, and everyone is the friend of a man who gives gifts" (19.6). Matthew Henry notes, "How those that are rich and great are courted and caressed, and have suitors and servants in abundance." When we give to impress, people may be impressed with the gifts and not the giver.

Secondly, Solomon warns us against the way gifts distort judgment: "A wicked man accepts a bribe in secret to pervert the course of justice" (17.23; also Eccl 7.7). Such gifts are clearly condemned, for their purpose is to win favour for the giver, regardless of fairness and justice. In some places where corruption is rife, bribes are offered to jump queues, expedite procedures, win contracts, and overlook violations of the law. Nothing gets done without an under-the-table inducement. Conversely, anything can be done if the price is right.

Thirdly, despite the dangers, gifts have their value when wisely given. They soothe anger and pacify wrath (21.14). They open up the way for a cordial reception and negotiation (Gen 32.1-21). Gifts that express appreciation win appreciation in return. But no gift should be given to manipulate the receiver.

Granted, the line between a gift and a bribe is very thin. (The Hebrew words for "gift" and "bribe" seem to be used interchangeably in Proverbs.) How does a gift differ from a bribe? One answer could be its timing. When a gift is made before a favour is done, it is easily construed as a bribe. But if the favour is already done, and a gift is given afterwards, it is likely to be seen as a token of appreciation.

Then, finally, there are the personal gifts to loved ones and friends. Friendship and love are expressed and cultivated through thoughtful gifts (not necessarily expensive ones). A young man I know found this true, not only of the girl he was courting, but also of her parents whose confidence he must win! Some people may openly disavow gifts, but human nature is such that all of us love a present — especially when it comes as a surprise.

How do I give gifts or bribes?